As the seasons change and colder months approach, respiratory illnesses such as flu, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and human metapneumovirus (HMPV) become more prevalent. Last year, the Scheme saw a significant increase in hospitalisations related to these conditions, and early indications suggest a similar trend this year.

What’s most concerning about this spike in numbers is the fact that it began before the flu season peaked. Recent news reports on rising HMPV and COVID-19 cases have also sparked concern among South Africans. While these trends are worrying, it’s important to remember that most respiratory illnesses are preventable with proper precautions.

What is a respiratory illness?

Respiratory illnesses are infections that affect the airways, including the nose, throat, and lungs. Common respiratory illnesses include colds, flu, RSV, and HMPV. These conditions can range from mild discomfort to severe complications, such as pneumonia or bronchitis. Understanding these illnesses and taking preventative steps can help protect you and your loved ones.

How are respiratory illnesses contracted?

Respiratory illnesses are highly contagious and spread through:

• Airborne droplets - When an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks.
• Surface contact - Touching contaminated surfaces like doorknobs, handrails, or phones and then touching your face.
• Close contact - Being in close proximity to someone who is infected.

Symptoms to look out for

Watch for these common symptoms of respiratory illnesses:

• Fever or chills
• Coughing or wheezing
• Nasal congestion or a runny nose
• Shortness of breath
• Fatigue or body aches
• Sore throat

Seek medical attention if symptoms worsen, persist for more than a few days, or if you have underlying health conditions that increase your risk.

How to protect against respiratory illnesses

By staying informed and adopting simple preventative measures, you can safeguard yourself and your family by:

• Practicing good hygiene: Wash hands often with soap and water. Cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.
• Staying home when sick: Limit contact with others to prevent spreading germs.
• Improving ventilation: Keep your home well-ventilated by opening windows or using air purifiers.
• Wearing masks: Especially in crowded spaces or if you’re feeling unwell.
• Cleaning frequently touched surfaces: Regularly disinfect items like countertops, doorknobs, and phones.

By applying these simple steps, we can help keep our families and communities healthy.

For more information and resources on respiratory illnesses, please visit the Respiratory Illness Hub.